Ottoman Empire

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Ottoman Empire
Flag TUR.png
Capital:
Constantinople, Eastern Thrace

Government Type:
Law monarchy.png Sultanate

Primary Cultures:
Turkish

State Religion:
Religion sunni.png Sunni

Country Tier:
Empire

Country Type:
Recognized

"The Ottoman Empire has been embroiled in various wars through the beginning of the 19th century, and while some reforms have been attempted, more will be needed to prevent the decline of this empire."

The Ottoman Empire is a Great power.png Great Power in the Middle East and southern Europe. It begins in a strong, but precarious position, with the Sick Man of Europe hanging over its head.

The country's name changes to Turkey if it stops being a monarchy.

Historical background[edit | edit source]

After being officially founded at the end of the 13th century, the Ottoman Empire finally conquered the city of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, ending the last remnant of the Roman Empire. In the following centuries, the power of the Ottoman Empire grew significantly. At its height, the empire controlled most of the Balkans, North Africa, and Mesopotamia. The Ottoman Empire's power began to wane in the 17th and 18th centuries, as its government institutions became more and more dysfunctional.

Following defeats by Russia and Austria in the 1700s, the Greek Revolution in 1821-1829, and Egyptian conquest of Syria in 1831-1833, the cracks in the Ottoman Empire became more evident. While reforms were enacted, they failed to reverse the decline; although the empire retained nominal control, many of its provinces became independent or occupied by the great powers. In particular, the Ottomans' near total reliance on Great Britain and France was exposed in the Crimean War (1853-1856).

The Ottoman Empire was officially dissolved following World War I, with its core Anatolian territory making up the modern state of Turkey.

Formation[edit | edit source]

If the Ottoman Empire ceases to exist, it can be released by any country that controls Eastern Thrace and four other Turkish homelands, which make up its core states.

Journal and decisions[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire starts with three negative modifiers.

  • Sick Man of Europe: −33% prestige
  • Outmoded Bureaucracy: −25% Bureaucracy and taxation capacity
  • Cizye Tax: +0.5 religious tax and −40% conscriptable battalions

One way to remove them is for the player to accomplish certain tasks, Tanzimats, within twenty years. If the player fails, the event Dead Man of Europe happens, which removes the Ottomans' recognition status, making it an Major power.png unrecognized major power. The event also releases all Ottoman subjects, making them independent.

Alternatively, if the player causes a civil war, switches over to the opposing side and wins the civil war, the three negative modifiers will also be removed; the Sick Man of Europe and Tanzimat journal entries will only be removed in patch versions 1.2x and before.

Tanzimat[edit | edit source]

The game defines several tanzimat reforms (cf. wikipedia:Tanzimat) to help guide the player to modernize the state:

  • Urbanization: Incorporate and have at least 1 Urban Center building in at least 75% of all owned states
  • Army Modernization: Research Invention napoleonic warfare.png Napoleonic Warfare, have at least 150 battalions, and all barracks use Method line infantry.png Line Infantry and Method mobile artillery.png Mobile Artillery or better with no shortages
  • Reclaim Syria: Own all of Adana, Aleppo, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Transjordan (claims for these states are given)
    • If Reclaim Syria is completed, Reclaim Egypt is unlocked: Own all of Lower Egypt, Middle Egypt, Upper Egypt, and Sinai (claims for these states are given once the journal is unlocked)
  • Educational Reform: Raise literacy by 20% and have at least a level 5 university (fully staffed)
  • Bureaucratic Reform: Change Bureaucracy and Taxation laws and have a bureaucracy surplus
  • Suppress Separatism: Have 15 years with no secession movement over 50% progress.

Four tanzimat entries must be completed in order to succeed in the reforms.

Events[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire has several events related to the Tanzimats.

id

Event portrait.png The Sick Man of Europe


The Ottoman Empire is in a period of steady decline. If we do not reassert Ottoman sovereignty and reclaim our place among the Powers of the world, we risk catastrophe.
 Flavor text:
"We have fallen, but we can rise again. In an Auspicious Incident we deposed the Janissaries who had maintained their miserly grip on power for centuries, finally alowing reform to be possible. There is much more to do. First, of course, we need to replace the Janissaries with a truly modern military force. But in addition, we must restore the place of Sublime Porte as the very height of civilization. Education, urbanization, and sovereignty shall be the top items of the Ottoman agenda."

 
Is triggered by

Immediately upon starting as the Ottomans

Trigger conditions
  • None

Event button.png
Great reform is needed.
  • Gain Sick Man of Europe: −33.0% prestige permanently
  • Gain Outmoded Bureaucracy: −25% Bureaucracy and −25.0% Taxation Capacity permanently
  • Gain Ciyze Tax: +0.50 Religious Tax and −40% Conscriptable Battalions permanently
  • Activates The Sick Man of Europe and the following journal entries:
  • Tanzimat: Reclaim Syria
  • Tanzimat: Urbanization
  • Tanzimat: Education Reform
  • Tanzimat: Suppress Separatism
  • Tanzimat: Army Modernization
  • Tanzimat: Bureaucratic Reform
id

Event portrait.png Tanzimat: The Reorganization


The Ottoman Empire has succesfully modernized and re-asserted itself on the world stage. A new Era begins for the Ottoman state.
 Flavor text:
"Sublime. That is the only word for it. To walk the streets of Istanbul and see modern factories and schools, to see the guards practicing their military drill. A landscape once dominated by peasant farmers is now littered with shining cities. And to think that only a few decades ago the empire was on the brink of collapse! Where once the European powers looked upon us with pity and greedily sought to partition our lands, now we see their diplomats gazing in awe at our accomplishments, forced to recognize us as equals. God is good!"

 
Is triggered by

The Sick Man of Europe journal entry completion

Trigger conditions
  • None

Event button.png
The army could use additional reforms.
This is the default option
  • Gain Ottoman Army Reorganization: +20% Home Offense, +20% Home Defense, and +25% Weekly Innovation Gain for Military for 5 years
Event button.png
We should re-conquer the Balkans!
  • Gain State status claims.png claims on the following states:
  • Attica
  • Peloponnese
  • Crete
  • Northern Serbia
  • Southern Transylvania
  • Northern Transylvania
Event button.png
Our empire runs on paper.
  • Gain Ottoman Bureaucracy: +10% Bureaucracy for 5 years
id

Event portrait.png The Dead Man of Europe


The Ottoman Empire has failed to modernize and re-assert itself on the world stage. The vultures begin to circle as the last days of the Ottoman Empire draw near.
 Flavor text:
"The Sublime Porte falls silent. Just days after announcing his intention to abdicate, most likely under the duress of his ministers, the [Ruler title] has been found dead in his chambers. Much like our precious empire, the [Ruler title] had been suffering from a long, creeping sickness that ultimately made him unable to bear the weight of the crown. A broken and deranged shadow of his former self."

 
Is triggered by

The Sick Man of Europe journal entry times out.

Trigger conditions
  • None

Event button.png
We belong to Allah, and to Him do we return.
  • The current ruler dies.
  • All subjects become independent.
  • The Ottoman Empire becomes unrecognized

Politics[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire begins as a Sultanate. The IG landowners.png Local Governors and IG intelligensia.png Intelligentsia are Political in government.png in government, with Sultan Mahmut Osmanoglu supporting the Intelligentsia.

Starting Laws
Power Structure Economy Human Rights
Governance Principles Law monarchy.png Monarchy Economic System Law traditionalism.png Traditionalism Free Speech Law censorship.png Censorship
Distribution of Power Law autocracy.png Autocracy Trade Policy Law mercantilism.png Mercantilism Labor Rights Law serfdom banned.png Serfdom Abolished
Citizenship Law national supremacy.png National Supremacy Taxation Law land based taxation.png Land-based Taxation Children's Rights Law child labor allowed.png Child Labor Allowed
Church and State Law state religion.png State Religion Colonization Law no colonial affairs.png No Colonial Affairs Rights of Women Law no womens rights.png Legal Guardianship
Bureaucracy Law hereditary bureaucrats.png Hereditary Bureaucrats Policing Law no police.png No Police Welfare Law no social security.png No Social Security
Army Model Law peasant levies.png Peasant Levies Education System Law no schools.png No Schools Migration Law no migration controls.png No Migration Controls
Internal Security Law no home affairs.png No Home Affairs Health System Law no health system.png No Health System Slavery Law slave trade.png Slave Trade

Diplomacy[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire controls Flag of Tripolitania Tripolitania as a Diplomacy puppet.png puppet, and has Diplomacy protectorate.png protectorates in Flag of Serbia Serbia, Flag of Moldavia Moldavia, Flag of Wallachia Wallachia, and Flag of Tunis Tunis.

The Ottoman Empire has Truce.png truces with Flag of Greece Greece until 1837 and with Flag of Egypt Egypt until 1840. It has State status claims.png claims on the Egyptian states in Arabia. The Ottoman Empire and Russia have a mutual Diplomacy rivalry.png rivalry.

Economy[edit | edit source]

Map of the Ottoman Empire in 1836

The Ottoman Empire starts with a moderately large, but not very efficient economy.

Starting Statistics
Statistic Starting value
Gdp.png GDP Hud money.png 14.1M
Population.png Population 19.6M
Literacy.png Literacy 16.41%
SOL.png Standard of Living SOL struggling.png Struggling (9.5)

States[edit | edit source]

Anatolia
Name Type Homelands Arable land.png Arable Land Resources State Traits/Notes
Size Uses Goods wood.png Goods coal.png Goods iron.png Goods lead.png Goods fish.png
Eastern Thrace State status capital.png Greek
Turkish
30
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
  • Building silk plantation.png Silk Plantation
4 18 10 Site of the Building hagia sophia.png Hagia Sophia
Adana State status incorporated.png
State status split state.png
Armenian
Turkish
Kurdish
15
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
4 44 12
State trait river.png Euphrates River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Ankara State status incorporated.png Turkish 65
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
9
Aydin State status incorporated.png Greek
Turkish
35
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building silk plantation.png Silk Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
5 48 15
Cyprus State status incorporated.png Greek
Turkish
9
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building banana plantation.png Banana Plantation
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
2 5
Diyarbakir State status incorporated.png Turkish
Armenian
Kurdish
Mashriqi
Assyrian
40
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building banana plantation.png Banana Plantation
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
32
State trait river.png Tigris River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
State trait river.png Euphrates River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
East Aegean Islands State status incorporated.png Greek
Turkish
5
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
6
Erzurum State status incorporated.png Turkish
Armenian
Kurdish
40
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
9 30 36
Hudavendigar State status incorporated.png Greek
Turkish
40
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building silk plantation.png Silk Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
9 8
Kastamonu State status incorporated.png Turkish 35
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
11 72 10
Konya State status incorporated.png Turkish 40
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
4 6
Trabzon State status incorporated.png Greek
Armenian
Turkish
Kurdish
40
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
8 21 9
Balkans
Name Type Homelands Arable land.png Arable Land Resources State Traits/Notes
Size Uses Goods wood.png Goods coal.png Goods iron.png Goods lead.png Goods fish.png Goods oil.png
Albania State status incorporated.png Albanian 50
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
6 24 8 (5)
State trait good soils.png Terra Rossa
    • +15.0% Agriculture Throughput
Bosnia State status incorporated.png Bosniak
Serbian
Croatian
40
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
14 48 39
State trait river.png Danube River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Bulgaria State status incorporated.png Turkish
Bulgarian
35
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
14 2
State trait river.png Danube River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Macedonia State status incorporated.png Greek
Turkish
20
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
9 3
Montenegro State status incorporated.png
State status split state.png
Serbian
Albanian
20
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
4 24
State trait good soils.png Terra Rossa
    • +15.0% Agriculture Throughput
Northern Thrace State status incorporated.png Bulgarian
Turkish
30
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
17 33 6
Skopia State status incorporated.png Bulgarian
Albanian
Greek
Turkish
30
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
16 36
Southern Serbia State status incorporated.png Serbian
Turkish
Albanian
45
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
14 40 36
Thessaly State status incorporated.png Greek 50
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
11 5
Western Thrace State status incorporated.png Bulgarian
Greek
Turkish
20
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building silk plantation.png Silk Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
5 27 10
Arabia/Others
Name Type Homelands Region Arable land.png Arable Land Resources State Traits/Notes
Size Uses Goods wood.png Goods sulfur.png Goods fish.png Goods oil.png
Baghdad State status incorporated.png Mashriqi
Bedouin
Arabia 40
  • Building rice farm.png Rice Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building silk plantation.png Silk Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
(40)
State trait good soils.png Mesopotamian Floodplain
    • +20.0% Agriculture Throughput
State trait river.png Tigris River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
State trait river.png Euphrates River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Basra State status incorporated.png Mashriqi
Bedouin
Arabia 42
  • Building rice farm.png Rice Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building silk plantation.png Silk Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
32 6 (40)
State trait good soils.png Mesopotamian Floodplain
    • +20.0% Agriculture Throughput
State trait river.png Tigris River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
State trait river.png Euphrates River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Deir-Ez-Zor State status incorporated.png Mashriqi
Kurdish
Assyrian
Arabia 20
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
State trait river.png Euphrates River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Mosul State status incorporated.png Mashriqi
Turkish
Kurdish
Assyrian
Arabia 30
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
36 (40)
State trait river.png Tigris River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure
Kars State status incorporated.png
State status split state.png
Turkish
Armenian
Kurdish
Georgian
Caucasus 10
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tea plantation.png Tea Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
9 5
Dobrudja State status incorporated.png
State status split state.png
Bulgarian
Romanian
Turkish
Danubia 10
  • Building wheat farm.png Wheat Farm
  • Building cattle ranch.png Livestock Ranch
  • Building cotton plantation.png Cotton Plantation
  • Building tobacco plantation.png Tobacco Plantation
11 7
State trait river.png Danube River
    • +20 State status infrastructure.png Infrastructure

Industry and resources[edit | edit source]

Industry
Resources

Military[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire starts with the Law peasant levies.png Peasant Levies law.

Strategy and guides[edit | edit source]

Strategy The below is one of many player suggested strategies for Ottoman Empire. Bear in mind, due to the dynamic nature of the game, it may unfold differently for other players.

Early civil war[edit | edit source]

As a successful revolution removes the truce with Egypt, all negative modifiers and resets Ottoman relations with almost every GP (this includes removing the rivalry with Russia), consider setting a civil war in motion from day one. At the various checkpoints (if possible) , take the option to add other IGs to the revolutionary cause, increasing the ease of the subsequent civil war. Remember to switch to the other side when the Diplomatic Play starts.

Tanzimat[edit | edit source]

It is probably best to focus on military and diplomacy for reforms as you need to fight Egypt in two (or more) wars and reclaim several states each time. For these wars, you definitely do not want GP intervention on the Egyptian side. Also, maximize the military's pay for increased power projection; it'll allow the Ottomans to become a GP.

Discrimination[edit | edit source]

The Tanzimats don't touch on this, but as the Ottoman Empire is home to several cultures and religions, it might be prudent to adopt Law freedom of conscience.png Freedom of Conscience or even Law total separation.png Total Separation to stop discriminating against the non-Sunni religions and probably also Law multicultural.png Multiculturalism to stop discriminating against non-Turkish ethnicities.

Remember that, as long as a pop is discriminated against, it will NOT assimilate! You also gain radicals from discrimination. Fulfilling the demands of the Tanzimats is by no means easy to achieve, and yet, it is still not enough. The Ottoman Empire in 1836 is a large multi-ethnic, multi-religious state covering a large area in Europe and Asia. You cannot run it as if it was the Sultanate of Brunei.

Viable economies[edit | edit source]

The Ottoman Empire has a lot of of states with the potential for Goods tea.pngtea plantations. Building those and exporting tea to the United Kingdom is a very profitable plan due to the low construction costs and the British obsession for tea.

On the other hand, the Ottoman Empire does not have sufficient Goods iron.pngiron and Goods coal.pngcoal for full industrialization compared to its size.

The war with Egypt[edit | edit source]

It might be tempting to declare war on Egypt as soon as the truce expires. But the Ottoman Empires growth potential is much higher, so the longer one waits, the more one-sided the war will be. However, once war breaks out it is worth taking the state of Upper Egypt on top of the Ottoman claims. Note that if the player causes a civil war, switches over to the opposing side and wins the civil war, the truce will be cancelled. This means that a successful revolution (usually) allows the Ottomans to attack Egypt earlier.

The Ottoman fleet is much superior to the Egyptians'. The war is best fought by simply holding both fronts (Levant and Tripolitania), while preparing a naval invasion in Upper Egypt. Once a foothold is established there, the Egyptian Army will collapse.

Flags[edit | edit source]

Achievements[edit | edit source]

The Healthy Man of Europe icon
The Healthy Man of Europe
Starting as the Ottomans, be the Greatest Power while having max level Public Health Insurance

References[edit | edit source]

Countries by Region

Notes: This table lists playable countries divided by superregion and region. Starting countries are listed by the region of their capital state, with formable and releasable countries not present at the start listed separately by superregion. Decentralized (non-playable) and special cases are listed separately.